Nuremberg

 

and

 

Other War Crimes Trials:

 

a New Look

 

[Part 1]

 

by

Richard Harwood

 

1975

 

CONTENTS

 

Introduction ……………………………………….. 1

 

Facts & Figures …………………………………… 1

 

The Scene is Set …………………………………. 3

 

The Occupation …………………………………… 5

 

De-Nazification …………………………………… 7

— The Role of the OSS ……………………………. 9

 

Belsen ………………………………………………….. 11

 

The International Military Tribunal … 11

— Jackson’s Speech ………………………………. 18

— Psychology of Defendants …………………. 19

— The Defendants ………………………………… 19

— The Witnesses …………………………………… 29

— The Sentences …………………………………… 34

— The Executions ………………………………….. 34

— The Imprisonments ……………………………. 34

 

The American Military Tribunal ……….. 35

— AMT4 …………………………………………………. 36

— AMT6 …………………………………………………. 37

— AMT7 …………………………………………………. 39

— AMT9 …………………………………………………. 40

— AMT10 ………………………………………………… 41

— The Prosecution …………………………………. 44

 

Trial of Manstein …………………………………. 45

 

Dachau Trials ………………………………………. 48

 

Trial of Eichmann ……………………………….. 51

— Eichmann the Zionist …………………………. 54

 

Recent German Trials ………………………… 55

 

Italian Trials ……………………………………….. 56

 

Criticism of the Trials …………….………….. 57

— The Charges ………………………………………. 57

— The Court ………………………………………….. 58

— The Defendants …………………………………. 58

— The Hidden Aspect …………………………….. 59

 

APPENDICES

A The Katyn Massacre ……………………….. 59

B Bombing of Civilians ……………………….. 61

C The ‘Repatriations’ ………………………….. 64

D Palestine …………………………………………… 66

Bibliography …………………………………………. 69

 

 

Cover photo shows the funeral pyre set up in a Dresden street of some of the 135,000 civilian victims of Allied bombing of that German city.

© 1978

All Rights Reserved

Printed & published by Historical Review Press, Chapel Ascote, Ladbroke, Southam, – Warks., England

 

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[NOTES: 

 

1. These notes and Version History (see below) do not appear in the original book. They are here to explain what is not original to the book and what is additional material. For example the layout is not original, the book is formatted with two columns, while this version has a standard “one column” format.

 

2.This version contains footnotes (the original did not) and additional images, indicated by [Add. Image] that did not appear in the original book.

 

3. …. ]

 

Version History

Ver 1: Aug 3, 2014 – Added additional images and footnotes to Introduction and Facts & Figures.

 

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INTRODUCTION

 

The execution in 1976 of British and American mercenaries in Angola for ‘war crimes’ has brought back to public attention this peculiar and disturbing subject. [1]
During the Angolan trial, the judges intervened at several points to restrain the defence counsel from putting its case too well. The court could not tolerate any evidence which might help the accused criminals, they said.

 

The British press whined hypocritically about this travesty of justice. Yet the simple-minded Angolans were only doing as their European mentors had taught them: the Angolan trial was virtually a carbon-copy of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremburg in 1946. All the ingredients were there: the pretence of justice, the restrictions on the defence, the presumption of guilt before the trial had even started, the supervision of an international tribunal, the hysterical accusations of prosecution witnesses etc., etc. It is easy for the press to complain about the standards of ‘justice’ in a backward and far-off land in darkest Africa. But it is not so easy for them to criticise a series of trials for which we were responsible, at least in part, and which have gone down in history and subsequent protocol agreements, as legal precedent.

 

We are subject to no such restrictions. In this short volume, we hope to examine as thoroughly and objectively as possible the vexed subject of the trials at Nuremburg, and in so doing make some contribution to a rational understanding of this aspect of recent history which has, along with other events, been grotesquely twisted by the enemies of truth. One such example is the allegation that six million Jews were gassed as part of an official extermination programme on the part of the German government of the Hitler era and which formed one of the major charges against the Nazi leaders at Nuremburg.

 

 

[Add. Image] Aerial view of Nuremberg “Palace of Justice” in Winter 1945-46

 

[Add. Image] 1945-46 The Court House – “Palace of Justice”.

 

[Add. Image] On guard at the “Palace of Justice”.

 

Footnotes

[1] In January 1976, a group of 100 mercenaries crossed over from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Zaire) to Angola in order to support The National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) in their struggle against the Government of Angola.

 

 

Angola had achieved independence from Portugal in 1975 and at the time was being governed by the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). The MPLA was, not assured of governing Angola, as it was competing with the FNLA and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) in what became known as the Angolan Civil War. The MPLA Government was substantially supported by the Soviet Union and received considerable support from them in the form of weapons, training as well as direct military assistance from the thousands of Cuban troops stationed in Angola. One of the reasons for this was that the MPLA was a left wing political organisation, while FNLA and UNITA, were anti-Communist.

 

This meant that during the height of the Cold War, the West supported the FNLA and UNITA. The goal of the mercenaries was the overthrow of a Communist supported government in Angola. Upon their arrival, the mercenaries set about conducting numerous raids and acts of sabotage against the Angolan people and the Government in Angola. The mercenary troupe and their FNLA allies were no match in material or training to the Soviet and Cuban soldiers and they were eventually cornered and 13 of the mercenaries, 10 British and three Americans were captured. After a trial, in Luanda, Angola, sentencing commenced on the 28 June 1976.

 

Three British mercenaries and an American were sentenced to death, with the remaining captured mercenaries were sentenced to between 16 and 30 years in jail. Those sentenced to death were Andrew McKenzie, John Barker, Costas Georgiou, and Daniel Gearhert. The sentence was carried out the very next day. George Banks, the man who recruited them in the United Kingdom, expressed no regret for his part in the events.
Source: http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/chronology/thisday/1976-06-28.htm

 

 

 

FACTS & FIGURES

 

The peak period for Nazi war crimes trials was the three years immediately after the war, although trials are still going on to this day.

 

Various nations dealt first of all with their own citizens, in a series of treason trials. Anton Mussert [1] was executed by the Dutch. Vidkun Quisling [2] was executed by the Norwegian government. William Joyce (“Lord Haw-Haw”) [3] was tried for treason by the British government, who were able to ‘prove’ that Joyce was British,  and therefore capable of committing treason, because he had at one stage forged a British passport. In fact, Joyce was born in America of Irish parents, and became a German citizen in 1939. He too was executed, but it was not until August 1976 that his remains were shipped back to Ireland for burial in the family grave at Galway — a rather belated recognition of the fact that Joyce was indeed an Irishman, after all. As a citizen of a neutral country there was no way Joyce could have committed treason against a foreign, belligerent country; Britain.

 

The Americans put on trial the famous poet, Ezra Pound, but a jury found him to be insane. The French executed thousands of ‘traitors’ during the anarchic days after the Liberation. Few of these received proper trials. We shall never know how many Russians were put to death by the Soviet Union, but a general outline of these atrocities is gradually coming to light today, thanks to the writings of Alexandr Solzhenitsyn and others.

 

Holland tried and executed Rauter. Czechoslovakia dealt similarly with K. H. Frank, Ludin and Wisliceny. Poland executed Biihler, Greiser, Stroop and Hoss. Yugoslavia officially executed Kasche and Lohr. But these ‘showtrials’ were only the tip of the iceberg. We shall never know how many were really put to death behind the Iron Curtain.

 

In Germany itself, 1,000 cases had been tried, involving about 3,500 German defendants, by March 1948.

 

21 of the leading Nazis were tried by an International Tribunal at Nuremburg. All the other trials were unilateral, i.e. they were run by one nation only, although on occasion there was representation by a second nation at the trial. At the Peleus trial, for example, there were Greek naval officers sitting on the British military tribunal because the SS Peleus had been a Greek ship.

 

The Americans managed to grab for themselves the prestige and satisfaction of trying the 199 ‘second string’ Nazi leaders in twelve subsequent trials, also held at Nuremburg. 38 were acquitted (but later faced de-nazification tribunals), 36 were given death sentences (18 of which were carried out), 23 were sentenced to life imprisonment, and 102 were given shorter sentences. Summaries of the trials were published in 1949 as a 15 volume set, although there is also a more complete 117 volume edition which is just a bound collection of the duplicated court transcripts. The documentary evidence at the American Military Tribunal

 

(AMT) is now lodged at the American Documentation Centre at Alexandria, Virginia, just outside Washington, DC. Most of it is on microfilm, and members of the public can order reproductions therefrom. One of the members of the War Documentation Project, whose task it was to index the mountain of captured Nazi war records at Alexandria, was Raul Hilberg, [4] the famous ‘holocaust expert’. Hilberg was himself a refugee from Nazi Germany who fled to America, subsequently becoming a political scientist at the University of Vermont. His famous book, The Destruction of the European Jews is supposed to be the definitive work on the holocaust, but it has subsequently been shown to be highly dubious, thanks mainly to the work of Paul Rassinier.

 

The Americans also ran trials at Dachau, where 420 death sentences were handed down. The Dachau trials represented an all-time low in Western concepts of justice. Brutality, torture and cruelty were the order of the day. On trial were some of the staff of Mauthausen, Dachau, Flossenburg and Buchenwald concentration camps, as well as some German soldiers accused of murdering Americans captured at Malmady during the Ardennes counteroffensive.

 

In the British zone of occupation, 356 war crime trials were held involving more than 1,000 defendants. In charge of administering the trials was Sir Henry MacGeagh, who was head of the UK office of the United Nations War Crimes Commission. His legal advisor was Lord Russell of Liverpool, who died in 1975. The British military trials were held at Liineberg, Hamburg and in Italy. At Liineberg, Josef Kramer, Irme Grise and 43 others from the staffs of Belsen and Auschwitz were tried. Thirty of the accused were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death by hanging. In the Zyklon B case, Bruno T’esch and two others were tried for supplying Zyklon B pesticide to the concentration camps administration. Tesch and one other were hanged. In the Natzweiler trial, Alphons Klein and five others were charged with killing four British women parachute commandos by injection. One of the accused was hanged and the rest received terms of imprisonment.

 

[Image] French War Crimes trials at Rastatt 

 

In the Peleus trial at Hamburg, the captain and four members of the crew of German U-boat 852 were charged with murdering the survivors of the cargo ship SS Peleus, which they had just sunk. Three were sentenced to death by firing squad, and the other two were sentenced to prison. The British also tried several German generals in Italy; at Rimini and Venice. General von Falkenhorst was tried for the murder of British commandos in Norway. The British trials were published, with many useful appendices, in a series by Wm. Hodge & Co. in 1948/9, under the editorship of Sir David Maxwell Fyfe, the Deputy British Chief Prosecutor at the original IMT trial. Manstein’s 1949 trial is described by his defence counsel, Reginald Paget in Manstein (Collins, 1951).

 

The French trials were held at Rastatt, and included that of Saar industrial magnate Hermann Rochling, whom the French had also tried in absentia after World War I. In 1953, they also attempted to try 21 SS men for the 1944 massacre at Oradour, when an entire village with its population were destroyed. When it turned out that 14 of the men were French men themselves, from Alsace, the trial became a political hot-potato. The Alsace government claimed that Alsatians were being victimised. In the middle of the trial, the law against ‘collective guilt’ was repealed, rendering the trial little more than an academic exercise. When the trial finished, two death sentences and various terms of imprisonment were handed down, but within days the government had granted the men amnesty. In disgust, the council of Oradour handed back the medals which had been awarded to the town.
By 1963, the total of war crime sentences was as follows:

 

 

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Court . . . . . . . . . Total Sentences . . . . . . Death Sentences

---

 

IMT  . . . . . . . . . . . 21 (+1)*   . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (+1)*

USA   . . . . . . . . . . . 1,814   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

UK   . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,085   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

France   . . . . . . . . . 2,107   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

USSR   . . . . . . . . . . c. 10,000   . . . . . . . . . . . . ?

West Germany   . . . 12,846   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?

 

*Note: Bormann was tried and sentenced to death in absentia.

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Most of the death sentences were carried out, although some were reduced to terms of imprisonment. The chronological list of trials in the West is as follows (few details are available for Communist trials behind the Iron Curtain):

 

 

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Year . . . . . Court . . . . . . . Venue . . . . . . . Defendants

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1945/6 . . . .IMT  . . . . . . . . . Nuremburg  . . . 21 Nazi leaders

1946/9  . . . USA  . . . . . . . . . .Nuremburg  . . . 12 subsequent trials (AMT)

1945/6  . . . UK  . . . . . . . . . . . Luneberg  . . . . Belsen, Auschwitz staff

1946  . . . . . UK  . . . . . . . . . .  Hamburg  . . . . Peleus trial

1946  . . . . . UK  . . . . . . . . . .  Italy  . . . . . . . . German generals

1946  . . . . . USA  . . . . . . . . .  Dachau  . . . . . .Mauthausen, Dachau, Flossenburg,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Buchenwald staffs & Malmedy SS

1949  . . . . . UK  . . . . . . . . . .  Hamburg  . . . . von Manstein

1950  . . . . . W. Germany . . .  Augsburg

1951  . . . . . W. Germany . . . . Ravensburg

1951   . . . . . France  . . . . . . . .Paris  . . . . . . . German generals

1953   . . . . . France   . . . . . . .Paris  . . . . . . . . Oradour soldiers

1956  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Dortmund

1957  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Kempten

1958  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Cologne

1958  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Ansbach

1959  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Augsburg

1959  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Cobourg

1959  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Landshut

1959  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Kempten

1959  . . . . . W. Germany   . . . Munich

1959  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Ansbach

1960  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Fulda

1960  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Kempten

1960  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Ansbach

1960  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Limburg

1960  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Stuttgart

1960  . . . . . W. Germany   . . . Munich

1961  . . . . . Israel  . . . . . . . . Jerusalem  . . . .  Eicmann

1961  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Berlin

1961  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Hamburg

1961  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Duisburg

1962  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . BadenBaden

1962  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Wiesbaden

1963  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Frankfurt  . . . . Auschwitz staff

1967  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Cologne

1976  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Hamburg

1976  . . . . . Holland  . . .  . . . Roermond  . . . SS camp guard

1976  . . . . . W. Germany  . . . Dusseldorf  . . . Majdanek guards

 

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The bodies of the eleven Germans sentenced to death by the IMT were cremated at Dachau and the ashes sifted into the River Isar. The hundreds of others executed by the subsequent military tribunals are buried in prison graves at various places. There are 247 graves at Hamelin, 758 at Landsberg, and 14 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

_________________

 

Footnotes

 

[1] Anton Adriaan Mussert (11 May 1894, Werkendam, North Brabant – 7 May 1946) was one of the founders of the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) and its formal leader. As such, he was the most prominent national socialist in the Netherlands before and during World War II. During the war, he was able to keep this position, due to the support he received from the Germans. After the war, he was convicted and executed for high treason.

 

 

 

[2] Vidkun Quisling, (July 18, 1887 – October 24, 1945) was a Norwegian army officer and nationalist politician. He was Minister President in Norway from February 1942 to the end of World War II.

 

Quisling was the son of a Church of Norway pastor and genealogist Jon Lauritz Qvisling from Fyresdal, and both of his parents belonged to some of the oldest and most distinguished families of Telemark.

 

 

 

His early life was mixed and successful; he became the country’s best ever war academy cadet upon graduation in 1911, and achieved the rank of major in the Norwegian army. He worked with Fridtjof Nansen in the Soviet Union during the famine of the 1920s. For his services in looking after British interests after diplomatic relations were broken with the Bolshevik government, Great Britain awarded him the C.B.E. He later served as defense minister in the Agrarian governments 1931-1933.

 

The Nasjonal Samling party

 

On May 17, 1933, Norwegian Constitution Day, Quisling and lawyer Johan Bernhard Hjort formed Nasjonal Samling (“National Unity”), a Norwegian nationalist political party. Nasjonal Samling had an anti-democratic, leadership-based political structure, and Quisling was to be the party’s Fører (Norwegian: “leader”, equivalent of the German “Führer”). He was sometimes referred to as “the Hitler of Norway”.

 

The party went on to have modest successes; in the election of 1933, four months after the party was formed, it garnered 27,850 votes (approximately 2%), following support from the Norwegian Farmers’ Aid Association, with which Quisling had connections from his time as a member of the Agrarian government. However, as the party line changed from a religiously rooted one to a more pro-National Socialist and anti-Semitic policy from 1935 onward. Party membership fell to an estimated 2,000 members before the German invasion, but under the German occupation by 1945 some 45,000 Norwegians were members of the party.

 

German invasion of Norway
On the 9th April 1940, one day before the planned British invasion, Germany invaded Norway, Operation Weserübung by air and sea.
The German plan was to capture King Haakon VII and the Nygaardsvold government, after which Quisling would be recognized as Prime Minister. On April 9, however, without waiting for recognition, Quisling announced in a radio broadcast that he had become the new Premier. Word came that King Haakon refused to recognize Quisling as leader of the government.

 

Later that same month he tried again to organize a government under Josef Terboven, who had been installed as Reichskommissar, reporting directly to Hitler. The relationship between Quisling and Terboven was tense, however, and Quisling was unable to find any prominent Norwegians who were willing to serve as ministers in his Cabinet. Terboven, presumably seeing an advantage in having a Norwegian in an apparent position of power, declared the monarchy to be abolished and named Quisling to the post of Minister President in 1942, a position the self-appointed Fører assumed on February 1.

 

Arrest and trial

Quisling stayed in power until he was arrested on May 9, 1945. He lived in a mansion on Bygdøy in Oslo that he called “Gimle”, after the place in Norse mythology where survivors of Ragnarok were to live.

 

In the course of the victor’s trials following the war, Quisling, along with two other Nasjonal Samling leaders, Albert Viljam Hagelin and Ragnar Skancke, was convicted of high treason and executed by firing squad at Akershus Fortress. The charges were based on his support of the German invasion in April 1940, his revocation of the mobilisation order, his encouragement of Norwegians to serve in the Norwegian SS division, and his assistance in the deportation of Jews.
Subsequently, these sentences have been controversial, as capital punishment was reintroduced by the government in exile at the end of the war, specifically in anticipation of the post-war trials.

 

Maria Vasilijevna, Quisling’s Russian widow, lived in Oslo until her death in 1980. They had no children.

 

Summary

Vidkun Quisling was neither a traitor, nor a carrierist. He was a Norwegian patriot, whose aim was, to keep Norway free from bolshevistic or liberal occupation. Today, in English language descriptions and dictionaries they use his name, often written lower case, as a symbol of a traitor, which is a coarse history falsification.
This usage began with Zionist shill Winston Churchill.

 

Source: http://en.metapedia.org/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling

 

 

[3] William Joyce

Born: 24 April 1906, Brooklyn, New York City, United States

Died: 3 January 1946 (aged 39) Wandsworth Prison, London, England

Nationality: British (and Irish), American

Occupation: politician, writer, radio personality

Party: British Union of Fascists (1932-1937), National Socialist League (1937-1939)

 

William Brooke Joyce (April 24, 1906 – January 3, 1946), sometimes known by the name Lord Haw-Haw, was a politician, author and radio broadcaster, who was involved with the British Union of Fascists and later the National Socialist League. He was executed for treason by the Jewish occupied British government for defending his race during the Second World War. Joyce stated that Winston Churchill, was a servant:

 

“not of the British public, or of the British Empire, but of international Jewish finance. This charge must be preferred against a man who has so signally violated British tradition in the course of this war.”

 

 

Joyce was born at 1906 Herkimer Street in Brooklyn, New York City, to an English Protestant mother and an Irish Catholic father who had taken United States citizenship. A few years after his birth, the family returned to Galway, Ireland. He attended the Jesuit St Ignatius College (Galway) from 1915 to 1921. Unusually for Irish Roman Catholics, both William Joyce and his father were strongly Unionist. William Joyce later said that he aided the Black and Tans and became a target of the Irish Republican Army because of this.

 

Following a failed assassination attempt in 1921 (which only failed due to the 16-year old Joyce taking a different route home from school) he left for England where he would briefly attend King’s College School, Wimbledon for a foreign exchange, followed two years later by his family. William Joyce applied to Birkbeck College of the University of London and to enter the Officer Training Corps. At Birkbeck, Joyce developed an interest in fascism, and he joined the British Fascisti of Rotha Lintorn-Orman. In 1924, while stewarding a Conservative Party meeting, Joyce was attacked and received a deep razor slash that ran across his right cheek. It left a permanent scar which ran from the earlobe to the corner of the mouth. Joyce was convinced that his attackers were “Jewish communists”. It was an incident that had a marked bearing on his outlook.

 

British Union of Fascists

In 1932, Joyce joined the British Union of Fascists (BUF) under Sir Oswald Mosley, and swiftly became a leading speaker, praised for his power of oratory. The journalist and novelist Cecil Roberts described a speech given by Joyce:

 

“Thin, pale, intense, he had not been speaking many minutes before we were electrified by this man … so terrifying in its dynamic force, so vituperative, so vitriolic.”

 

In 1934, Joyce was promoted to the BUF’s director of propaganda and later appointed deputy leader. As well as being a gifted speaker, Joyce also gained the reputation of a savage brawler. Joyce’s violent rhetoric and willingness to physically confront anti-fascist elements head-on played no small part in further marginalizing the BUF. After the bloody debacle of the June 1934 Olympia rally, Joyce spearheaded the BUF’s policy shift from campaigning for economic revival through Corporatism to antisemitism. He was instrumental in changing the full name of the BUF to “British Union of Fascists and National Socialists” in 1936, and stood as a party candidate in the 1937 elections to London County Council. In 1936 Joyce lived for a year in Whitstable, where he owned a radio and electrical shop.

 

However, Joyce was sacked from his paid position when Mosley drastically reduced the BUF staff shortly after the elections, and Joyce went on to form a breakaway organisation, the National Socialist League. Unlike Joyce, Mosley was never a committed antisemite, preferring to exploit antisemitic sentiment only for political gain. After 1937, the party turned its focus away from antisemitism and towards activism opposing a war with National Socialist Germany. Although Joyce had been deputy leader of the BUF from 1933 and an effective fighter and orator, Mosley snubbed him in his autobiography and later denounced him as a traitor because of his wartime activities.

 

Lord Haw-Haw

In late August 1939, shortly before war was declared, Joyce and his wife Margaret fled to Germany. Joyce had been tipped off by an MI5 officer that the British authorities intended to detain him under Defence Regulation 18B. Joyce became a naturalised German in 1940.

 

In Berlin, Joyce could not find employment until a chance meeting with fellow Mosleyite sympathiser Dorothy Eckersley got him an audition at the Rundfunkhaus (radio centre). Despite having a heavy cold and almost losing his voice, he was recruited immediately for radio announcements and script writing at German radio’s English service.

 

The name “Lord Haw-Haw of Zeesen” was coined by the pseudonymous Daily Express radio critic Jonah Barrington in 1939, but this referred initially to Wolf Mitler, (or possibly Norman Baillie-Stewart). When Joyce became the best-known propaganda broadcaster, the nickname was transferred to him. Joyce’s broadcasts initially came from studios in Berlin, later transferring (due to heavy Allied bombing) to Luxembourg and finally to Apen near Hamburg, and were relayed over a network of German controlled radio stations that included Hamburg, Bremen, Luxembourg, Hilversum, Calais, Oslo and Zeesen. Joyce also broadcast on and wrote scripts for the German Büro Concordia organisation which ran several black propaganda stations (many of which pretended to broadcast illegally from within Britain).

 

Although listening to his broadcasts was officially discouraged (but not actually illegal), they became very popular with the British public. The German broadcasts always began with the announcer’s words “Germany calling, Germany calling, Germany calling” (because of a nasal drawl this sounded like: “Jairmany calling, Jairmany calling, Jairmany calling”). These broadcasts urged the British people to surrender, and were well known for their jeering, sarcastic and menacing tone.
Joyce recorded his final broadcast on April 30, 1945, during the Battle of Berlin. In an exhausted, possibly intoxicated voice, he chided Britain’s role in Germany’s imminent defeat and warned that the war would leave Britain poor and barren. (There are conflicting accounts as to whether this last programme was actually transmitted, even though a tape was found in the Radio Hamburg studios.) He signed off with a final defiant “Heil Hitler”.

 

Besides broadcasting, Joyce’s duties included distributing propaganda among British prisoners of war, whom he tried to recruit into the British Free Corps. He wrote a book, Twilight Over England, which was promoted by the German Ministry of Propaganda, a work that unfavourably compared the evils of Jewish-dominated capitalist Britain with the successes of National Socialist Germany. Adolf Hitler awarded Joyce the War Merit Cross (First and Second Class) for his broadcasts, although they never met in person.

 

Capture and trial

At the end of the war, Joyce was captured by British forces at Flensburg near the Germany-Denmark border. A Jewish soldier claimed to recognize his voice and during conversation with soldiers shot and wounded him. After which Joyce was arrested and taken back to Britain.

 

He was charged with high treason:

* William Joyce, on the 18th of September, 1939, and on other days between that day and the 29th of May, 1945, being a person owing allegiance to our Lord the King, and while a war was being carried on by the German Realm against our King, did traitorously adhere to the King’s enemies in Germany, by broadcasting propaganda.

 

* William Joyce, on the 26th of September, 1940, being a person who owed allegiance as in the other count, adhered to the King’s enemies by purporting to become naturalized as a subject of Germany.

 

* William Joyce, on the 18th of September, 1939, and on other days between that day and the 2nd of July, 1940, being a person owing allegiance to our Lord the King, and while a war was being carried on by the German Realm against our King, did traitorously adhere to the King’s enemies in Germany, by broadcasting propaganda.

 

A faux par given that the King of Britain was allied with international Jewry against his own race.

 

Execution

He went to his death unrepentant and defiant.

 

“In death as in life, I defy the Jews who caused this last war, and I defy the power of darkness which they represent. I warn the British people against the crushing imperialism of the Soviet Union. May Britain be great once again and the hour of the greatest danger in the West may the standard be raised from the dust, crowned with the words — you have conquered nevertheless. I am proud to die for my ideals and I am sorry for the sons of Britain who have died without knowing why.”

 

Joyce was executed on January 3, 1946, at Wandsworth Prison, aged 39. He was the second-to-last person to be hanged for a crime other than murder in the United Kingdom. (The last was Theodore Schurch who was executed for treachery the following day at Pentonville. In both cases the hangman was Albert Pierrepoint.)

 

Joyce’s family

The Crown considered trying his wife Margaret as well. It is not entirely clear why no trial took place. A straightforward explanation is that her nationality status was much more complex and a conviction thought unlikely. Some also consider a deal for clemency was made on her behalf, perhaps recorded in a secret memo. Margaret Joyce died in Soho in 1972.

 

William Joyce had two daughters by his first wife, Hazel, one of whom, Heather Iandolo, has spoken publicly of her father. Joyce was reinterred in 1976 at the New Cemetery in Bohermore, County Galway, Ireland.

 

Works

National Socialism Now (1937)

Twilight Over England

Quotes:

“To conclude this personal note, I, William Joyce, will merely say that I left England because I would not fight for Jewry against the Führer and National Socialism, and because I believe most ardently, as I do today, that victory and a perpetuation of the old system would be an incomparably greater evil for England than defeat coupled with a possibility of building something new, something really national, something truly socialist.”

 

“It is well to realize that Jewish finance is as bent on the enslavement of the British people as of the German. The military power of England, the spurious jingoism engendered by the Jewish need for military defenders and the sacrifices of the British military forces all play their part today. But in the event of British victory all this synthesized nationalism will be destroyed in a few months. The supreme fact of world politics today is that the Jews want no nationalism but their very own.”

 

“I hope and believe that when the flames of war have been traversed, the ordinary people of England will know their soul again and will seek in National Socialism to advance along the way of human progress with their brothers of German blood. That this hope and this belief shall not prove vain there are two guarantees; the greatness of Adolf Hitler and the greater glory of Almighty God.”

 

Source: http://en.metapedia.org/wiki/William_Joyce

 

 

[4] Raul Hilberg (June 2, 1926 – August 4, 2007) was one of the main historians of the 6 million story. He was totally discredited at the 1985 Ernst Zündel trial (where Hilberg sought to send publisher Ernst Zündel to prison for printing the booklet Did Six Million Really Die?) by the revisionist Robert Faurisson and the lawyer Doug Christie as a paper-historian and liar.

 

 

Raul Hilberg’s main work is the book The Destruction of the European Jews. In this work, Hilberg falsely claimed that large numbers of Jews were gassed in homicidal gas chambers during WWII in National Socialist Germany. In the 1960 edition this book, Hilberg wrote about a Hitler-command to kill the Jews (he gave no sources for this allegation). Later, however, Hilberg stated that the alleged killing of the Jews was not planned in advance or organized centrally (i.e. that there was no Hitler-command), but that the alleged killing of the Jews was achieved by “an incredible mind reading” by German bureaucrats. Faurisson answered this, in his article “The victories of revisionism”, by writing: “If it is ‘incredible’ or unbelievable, why then should it be believed? Must one believe the unbelievable?”.

Source: http://en.metapedia.org/wiki/Raul_Hilberg

 

 

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